Dual Energy X-ray Absortiometry, or DEXA scanning, is currently the most widely used method to measure bone mineral density. This test is the best technique available to diagnose osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a disorder of the bones characterized by a progressive loss of bone tissue, which can result in an increase in the risk of fractures.
 A DEXA scan is a safe, painless, and non-invasive exam. It is a very simple test. The technologist will position you on the exam table to measure the bone density of the hip, spine, or forearm. The computer will calculate your score and from this information the radiologist can diagnose whether your bones are showing signs of osteoporosis.

It is recommended that patients have a base line scan at 45-50 years of age. All follow up scans can be compared to the first scan to monitor the changes of the bone density. 

How do you interpret the test results and who is a candidate for treatment?
A DEXA scan report compares the patient's bone mineral density values with those of young normal patient (T score) and with age matched normal patient (Z score). By comparing a patient's bone density against there peers, a low score indicates there may be a reason other than age related bone loss.
Patients risk factors for osteoporosis that should play a part in the decision to begin treatment include: a maternal history of a hip fracture, any previous fracture after the age of fifty, tall height at age of 25, poor health, some sedatives and  anticonvulsant drugs, and the inability to rise from a chair without the use of the arms.

Bone Density (DEXA Scan) Preparation

Do not take calcium supplements for 24 hours prior to the exam.
You should not have certain radiologic studies within the 7 days before the exam, i.e., barium studies, studies involving IV or oral contrast, or Nuclear Medicine studies.
Try to wear an outfit without buttons, snaps, zippers, or anything metal.
You may want to check with your insurance company about coverage for this test.